▪ Cell-phone networks started gaining traction in Africa. Internet data via cell-phone modem was 10 times faster than HF-Radio, and the modems

were 20 times cheaper. This combination rendered HF-Radio-E-Mail obsolete.

▪ Internet for Humanity entered an agreement with Global Marine Networks (GMN) to distribute GMN’s highly compressed/optimized e-mail and web-browsing programs (XGate and XWeb) to humanitarian beneficiaries.